Battle of oranges - Grade 10 Unit 2

Unit 2

Festivals and Celebrations

Reading I: Battle of the Oranges

Dashboard Pro Vocabulary Reading Text Summaries Comprehension Pronunciation Listening Speaking Grammar I Writing I Project Work

---

Lesson Plan

Battle of the Oranges

Grade 10 • Unit 2 • Reading I

Theme

Carnivals

Vocabulary

30 Key Terms

Concept

Symbolism

Activity

Speech & Essay

Getting Started

Eid Celebration

Biska Jatra

Discuss these prompts:

a. What is happening in the picture illustrations of these festive events?

b. Which is your favourite festival? Introduce it to the class.

Pro Vocabulary

Master the 30 core terms in full detail.

4 terms per page

Page 1

Battle of the Oranges

Interactive Reading

Author

Margherita

All I can see is a flash of orange, then I am hit in the chest. It knocks my breath away. I slide backwards, fall bum-first in a pile of orange mush. What the heck! I touch my head: my red hat is still there.

मैले देख्न सक्ने भनेको केवल सुन्तला रंगको चमक हो, र मलाई छातीमा हिर्काइन्छ। यसले मेरो सातो खान्छ। म पछाडि चिप्लन्छु र सुन्तलाको लेदोमा पछारिन्छु। के अचम्म हो यो! म मेरो टाउको छुन्छु: मेरो रातो टोपी अझै त्यहीं छ।

During the carnival, official public notices are plastered on the walls around Ivrea, ordering people, especially tourists, to wear a red hat. Or else they can be considered a ‘fair target for gentle and moderate orange-throwing’.

यो उत्सवको समयमा, इभ्रिया वरपरका पर्खालहरूमा विशेष गरी पर्यटकहरूलाई रातो टोपी लगाउन आदेश दिँदै आधिकारिक सार्वजनिक सूचनाहरू टाँसिएका हुन्छन्। अन्यथा, तिनीहरूलाई 'नम्र र मध्यम सुन्तला प्रहारको न्यायोचित निशाना' मान्न सकिन्छ।

The red hat people are ordered to wear is not just any hat. The berretto frigio, a sock-shaped hat sold on every street corner, is the symbol of the carnival itself. It is a symbol of freedom; worn in Roman times by freed slaves. During the Middle Ages it was on the heads of peasants rioting against feudal lords.

मानिसहरूलाई लगाउन आदेश दिइएको रातो टोपी साधारण टोपी मात्र होइन। हरेक सडकको कुनामा बेचिने मोजा आकारको टोपी 'बेरेटो फ्रिजियो' नै यस उत्सवको प्रतीक हो। यो स्वतन्त्रताको प्रतीक हो; जुन रोमी कालमा मुक्त दासहरूले लगाउने गर्थे। मध्ययुगमा यो सामन्ती शासकहरूविरुद्ध आन्दोलन गर्ने किसानहरूको टाउकोमा हुन्थ्यो।

Back on my feet, I make sure my hat is on, and visible. I want to get another look, but soon I am hit again on my forehead. My head jerks back, I wipe my face, oh my goodness, it’s blood! I am going to need stitches, maybe it’s a concussion!

फेरि उठेर, म मेरो टोपी टाउकोमा छ र देखिने अवस्थामा छ भनी सुनिश्चित गर्छु। म फेरि हेर्न चाहन्छु, तर चाँडै मेरो निधारमा प्रहार हुन्छ। मेरो टाउको झट्किन्छ, म मेरो अनुहार पुग्छु, ओहो भगवान, यो त रगत हो! मलाई टाँका लगाउनुपर्ने हुन सक्छ, सायद मस्तिष्कमा चोट लाग्यो!

Then I remember blood oranges. Shivering from the quick succession of shock and relief, I retreat to the back of the square, away from any flying fruit.

त्यसपछि मलाई ब्लड ओरेन्ज (रातो सुन्तला) को याद आउँछ। झट्का र राहतको तत्कालको अनुभूतिले काम्दै, म उडिरहेका फलहरूबाट टाढा, चोकको पछाडि हट्छु।

This is the first of three yearly battles; everybody is fresh and excited from a year-long wait. Nine teams of aranceri (orange-throwers) on foot, wearing uniforms, hurl oranges at their opponents on horse-drawn carriages, clad in Doctor Whoesque costumes with padded shoulders and leather-covered cylindrical helmets.

यो वर्षमा हुने तीनवटा लडाइँमध्ये पहिलो हो; वर्षभरिको पर्खाइपछि सबैजना उत्साहित छन्। वर्दी लगाएका नौ वटा सुन्तला फ्याँक्ने (आरान्सेरी) टोलीले घोडाले तान्ने बग्गीमा सवार प्याडेड काँध र छालाले ढाकिएको बेलनाकार हेल्मेट लगाएका विरोधीहरूमाथि सुन्तला प्रहार गर्छन्।

An hour into the battle, the square is covered in a thick sludge, mixture of orange pulp and horse manure. It smells sharp, sweet-and-sour.

लडाइँ सुरु भएको एक घण्टामा, चोक सुन्तलाको गुदी र घोडाको गोबरको मिश्रण भएको बाक्लो लेदोले ढाकिन्छ। यो गन्ध तीखो, अमिलो र मिठो हुन्छ।

Aranceri on foot rush back and forth, to the sides of the square stacked with orange crates, filling their shoulder bags and baggy tops. As soon as a cart approaches, they charge, bombarding it with oranges.

पैदल हिँड्ने आरान्सेरीहरू सुन्तलाका बाकसहरू राखिएका चोकका छेउहरूतिर दौडिन्छन्, र आफ्नो झोला र खुकुलो लुगाहरू भर्छन्। बग्गी नजिक आउने बित्तिकै, तिनीहरू सुन्तलाको भारी वर्षा गर्दै आक्रमण गर्छन्।

Horses halt, for a few minutes; oranges explode, then the cart takes off again, the aranceri chase it for a while, hurling the last of their supplies. They wear no protection, and walk around with their hair caked in orange bits, juice running down their faces.

घोडा केही मिनेट रोकिन्छन्; सुन्तला फुट्छन्, त्यसपछि बग्गी फेरि गुड्छ, आरान्सेरीहरू आफ्नो बाँकी रहेका सुन्तला प्रहार गर्दै केही समय यसको पछि दौडिन्छन्। तिनीहरूले कुनै सुरक्षा कवच लगाउँदैनन्, र कपालमा सुन्तलाका टुक्राहरू टाँसिएर, अनुहारभरि रस बग्दै हिँड्छन्।

Some have broken noses, some clutch a side of their face, arms or ribs. They hold their heads high, shouting their team’s war cries.

कसैको नाक भाँचिएको हुन्छ, कसैले अनुहारको एक छेउ, हात वा करङ समातिरहेका हुन्छन्। तिनीहरू आफ्नो टोलीको युद्धघोष गर्दै गर्वका साथ टाउको उच्च राख्छन्।

“This is the moment we wait for all the year,” says Silvia, holding an orange cut in half on her right eye. “I’ll be happy to have a black eye tomorrow.”

"यो हामीले वर्षभरि पर्खिने क्षण हो," आधा काटिएको सुन्तला आफ्नो दाहिने आँखामा राख्दै सिल्भिया भन्छिन्। "भोलि मेरो आँखा निलो भयो भने पनि म खुसी नै हुनेछु।"

She sits with me, sipping a glass of mulled wine. “I think carnival is good for our psychological health. During these three days I can let it all out, all the frustrations I have built up during the year.

उनी मसँग तातो मसलेदार रक्सी (मल्ड वाइन) सुरुप्प पिउँदै बस्छिन्। "मलाई लाग्छ यो कार्निभल हाम्रो मानसिक स्वास्थ्यको लागि राम्रो छ। यी तीन दिनमा म वर्षभरि जम्मा भएका सबै कुण्ठाहरू बाहिर निकाल्न सक्छु।

Afterwards I feel refreshed. Of course, accidents happen,” she adds, pushing the orange on her swollen eye, “but you should try, it’s good for you”.

त्यसपछि म धेरै हल्का महसुस गर्छु। पक्कै पनि, दुर्घटनाहरू हुन्छन्," सुन्निएको आँखामा सुन्तला दबाउँदै उनी थप्छिन्, "तर तपाईंले पनि प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ, यो तपाईंको लागि राम्रो छ"।

I am curious to know what it feels, I admit. I keep thinking I am wearing a hat, and the public are not supposed to join in the battle. Even so, that doesn’t seem to stop hat-wearers from throwing the occasional orange.

मलाई कस्तो महसुस हुन्छ भन्ने जान्न कौतुहलता लागेको छ, म स्वीकार गर्छु। म सोचिरहन्छु कि मैले टोपी लगाएको छु, र दर्शकहरू लडाइँमा सामेल हुन नपर्ने हो। तैपनि, यसले टोपी लगाउनेहरूलाई कहिलेकाहीँ सुन्तला प्रहार गर्नबाट रोकेको देखिँदैन।

To prevent further trouble, volunteers advise the public to stay behind protective nets. “Forget the nets” says Massi, an arancere of the Morte team, with a gigantic skull on the back of his orange-stained uniform, “if you want to live the carnival, you have to be in the middle of the battle.”

थप समस्याहरू रोक्न, स्वयंसेवकहरूले दर्शकहरूलाई सुरक्षात्मक जालीको पछाडि बस्न सल्लाह दिन्छन्। "जालीलाई बिर्सनुहोस्," 'मोर्ते' टोलीका आरान्सेरे मास्सी भन्छन्, जसको सुन्तलाको दाग लागेको लुगाको पछाडि एउटा विशाल खप्परको चित्र छ, "यदि तपाईं यो कार्निभलको वास्तविक आनन्द लिन चाहनुहुन्छ भने, तपाईं लडाइँको बीचमा हुनुपर्छ।"

“Aren’t you afraid of getting hurt?” Massi laughs. “If you compare the risk to the rush you get, a black eye is a small price to pay.”

"के तिमीलाई चोट लाग्छ कि भन्ने डर लाग्दैन?" मास्सी हाँस्छन्। "यदि तपाईंले यसको जोखिमलाई यसबाट मिल्ने रोमान्ससँग तुलना गर्नुभयो भने, निलो आँखा हुनु त धेरै सानो मूल्य हो।"

He fills his top with oranges. A cart is approaching. “Come on, throw your red hat away and come with me”. I am tempted, but I decline.

उनी आफ्नो लुगामा सुन्तला भर्छन्। एउटा बग्गी नजिकै आउँदैछ। "आउनुहोस्, आफ्नो रातो टोपी फाल्नुहोस् र मसंग आउनुहोस्।" म लोभिन्छु, तर म अस्वीकार गर्छु।

Lesson Summary

Short Summary

"Battle of the Oranges" is a wild yearly festival in Ivrea, Italy, where teams on foot throw oranges at opponents in protective, horse-drawn carriages. Spectators wear a distinctive sock-shaped red hat (berretto frigio) to show they are non-combatants, a traditional symbol representing liberty and ancient slave rebellions. Though injuries like bruises and broken noses are common, locals use this intense fruit-throwing battle as a form of therapy to release stored frustrations and emerge mentally refreshed.

"ब्याटल अफ दि ओरेन्जेज" इटालीको इभ्रियामा मनाइने एक प्रसिद्ध वार्षिक उत्सव हो, जहाँ पैदल हिँड्ने टोलीहरूले घोडाले तान्ने सुरक्षित बग्गीमा रहेका विरोधीहरूमाथि सुन्तला प्रहार गर्छन्। दर्शकहरूले आफू लडाइँमा सामेल नभएको देखाउन एक विशिष्ट मोजा आकारको रातो टोपी (बेरेटो फ्रिजियो) लगाउँछन्, जुन स्वतन्त्रता र प्राचीन दास विद्रोहको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने परम्परागत प्रतीक हो। यद्यपि नील डाम बस्नु र नाक भाँचिनु जस्ता चोटपटकहरू सामान्य हुन्, स्थानीयहरूले यस तीव्र सुन्तला युद्धलाई वर्षभरिको निराशा र कुण्ठाहरू बाहिर निकाल्न र मानसिक रूपमा स्फूर्ति प्राप्त गर्न थेरापीको रूपमा प्रयोग गर्छन्।

Key Takeaways

• Hat Symbolism: Represents historical freedom (Roman freed slaves, rioting peasants).
• Aranceri: Orange throwers on foot wearing uniforms with shoulder bags.
• Psychological Release: Letting out accumulated frustrations to feel refreshed.

Core Elements

Historical Rebellion The Red Hat Rule Adrenaline Rush

"A black eye is a very small price to pay for the massive rush you get!"

Comprehension Exercises

A. Match the words with their meanings.

a. mush

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

b. jerk

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

c. concussion

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

d. hurl

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

e. pulp

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

f. clutch

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

g. sip

-- select meaning -- i. to throw something violently in a particular direction ii. to hold something tightly iii. a soft thick mass or mixture iv. to drink something, taking a very small amount each time v. to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement vi. a temporary loss of consciousness vii. the soft part inside fruits and vegetables

Score: 0/7

B. Write True for true statements and False for false ones.

a. The tourists are informed to wear a red hat through public notices.

b. Aranceri seem dressed in Doctor Whoesque costumes.

c. When a cart approaches, aranceri run away from the square.

d. The narrator feels bored during the festival period.

e. The volunteers encourage the visitors to join the battle.

f. The narrator accepts Massi's offer.

C. Answer the following questions.

Pronunciation and Syllables

Syllables & Stress Table

Study the syllable counts and stressed syllables of these words. Click the play button to hear how each is spoken.

Word	Number of Syllables	Stressed Syllable	Audio
retreat	two	second (re-TREAT)
concussion	three	second (con-CUS-sion)
opponent	three	second (op-PO-nent)
succession	three	second (suc-CES-sion)
explode	two	second (ex-PLODE)
celebration	four	third (cel-e-BRA-tion)
consciousness	three	first (CON-scious-ness)
liberty	three	first (LIB-er-ty)

Consult your textbook and audio for this activity.

Speaking Practice

A. Study reporting interrogative clauses.

Direct Question:

"Aren’t you afraid of getting hurt?"

Indirect/Reported:

The reporter asked Massi if he was not afraid of getting hurt.

B. Report the following questions in pairs.

1. "Do you like oranges?" she said to him.

She asked him if he liked oranges.

2. "Will you wear a red hat?" I asked the tourist.

I asked the tourist if he would wear a red hat.

3. "Have you ever thrown an orange?" said Silvia.

Silvia asked if I had ever thrown an orange.

Grammar I: Indirect Questions

A. Change the following remarks into indirect speech.

a. "Are you working tonight?"

Agaman asked Timothy ................................................................

b. "Is this the road to the station?"

A stranger wanted to know from me ................................................................

c. "Did you do your homework?"

My friend inquired her ................................................................

d. "Have you been to Paris?"

The tourist was asked ................................................................

e. “How long have you been working in this company?”

Usha inquired of Anju ................................................................

f. “What flavour ice cream did you have at the party?”

My mother asked me ................................................................

g. "Have you studied reported speech before?"

The teacher wanted to know ................................................................

h. “Where will you stay tonight?”

I asked him ................................................................

i. “How many players were shown yellow card by the referee?”

Sumangal asked his friend ................................................................

j. “What magic did the medicine have on the patient?”

Sarita wanted to know from Sommaya ................................................................

B. Change the following remarks into reported speech.

a. Kritika asked me, "Why did you go out last night?"

b. "Who was that beautiful woman, Usha?" said Sunita.

c. "How is your mother?" said Gaurab to Yang Dolma.

d. My friend wanted to know, "What are you going to do at the weekend?"

e. "Where will you live after graduation?" said my teacher.

f. Anusha said to Melisha, "What were you doing when I saw you?"

g. I said to the pilgrim, "How was the journey?"

h. "How often do you go to cinema?" said Krishna.

i. "Do you live in Patan?" said the Principal.

j. Niraj said to Luniva, "Did Phadindra arrive on time?"

• a. Kritika asked me why I had gone out the previous night.
• b. Sunita asked Usha who that beautiful woman had been.
• c. Gaurab asked Yang Dolma how her mother was.
• d. My friend wanted to know what I was going to do at the weekend.
• e. My teacher asked where I would live after graduation.
• f. Anusha asked Melisha what she had been doing when she had seen her.
• g. I asked the pilgrim how the journey had been.
• h. Krishna asked how often I went to the cinema.
• i. The Principal asked if I lived in Patan.
• j. Niraj asked Luniva if Phadindra had arrived on time.

Writing I

Task: Essay on Community Festivals

Write an essay describing a festival which is celebrated in your community. Include its brief history, people involved, major activities, religious or social importance, duration, and drawbacks, if any.

Essay Outlines

• Introduction: Name of the festival, who celebrates it, and when.
• Historical Context: Legend, history, or myth of why the festival is celebrated.
• Major Activities: Specific steps, preparations, traditional clothing, food, and rituals.
• Importance: Social harmony, bonding, religious value.
• Drawbacks & Conclusion: Possible issues (noise, waste, expense) and final reflections.

Project Work

Question

"You might know about some unique festivals like 'Battle of the Oranges'. Strange festivals are celebrated in many parts of the world. Collect some information about any one of such festivals and share in the class."

Step-by-Step Project Process

1

1. Research a Festival

Find a strange or unique festival (e.g. La Tomatina in Spain, Monkey Buffet in Thailand, or Cheese Rolling in England).

2

2. Organize Key Facts

Note its origin, geographical location, activities involved, social importance, and why it is considered unusual.

3

3. Present to Class

Write down your summary, print pictures if possible, or sketch drawings to make your presentation attractive.

Official Lesson Plan

Lesson Details

• Topic: Reading I - Battle of the Oranges
• Class: 10
• Theme: Festivals and Celebrations
• Timing Note: Paced dynamically by the teacher depending on student learning progress.

Specific Objectives

• Comprehend details of the Battle of the Oranges festival.
• Acquire 30 core vocabulary elements and match definitions.
• Identify syllable counts and stress positions in vocabulary.
• Report direct questions and statements correctly in speech exercises.

Procedures

Reading & Vocabulary

Teacher Activity:

Play the text-to-speech engine block-by-block. Target words like 'berretto frigio' and explain their political history.

Student Activity:

Listen to pronunciation, follow the text-to-speech highlights, and complete contextual quizzes.

Pronunciation & Speaking

Teacher Activity:

Guide students through the Syllable Stress table. Explain the rules of reporting direct questions (using 'if/whether' or WH-words).

Student Activity:

Listen to the syllable audio clips, practice speaking, and do the reported question drills.

Are you a teacher? View specific classroom strategies and activities for this lesson.

Teacher's Guide

How to Teach This Lesson

Start with the warm-up slides to set a festive and highly energetic atmosphere. Ensure students understand that Ivrea's battle is a highly organized, simulated recreation representing historic peasant revolutions, rather than random violence. Present vocabulary systematically—with 30 words, utilize the paginated deck card structure. Dedicate ample time in the grammar section to show how tenses shift backwards in reported questions, and how auxilliary-based queries transition using 'if' or 'whether'.

Teacher Activities

• Moderate pre-reading discussions on Nepalese festivals versus unique global carnivals.
• Guide students through phonetic pronunciation modeling using our custom table elements.
• Explain the syntax of reported questions: backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and converting word order from interrogative to statement structure.
• Evaluate student responses during the speaking practice activities.
• Provide structured feedback for the "Community Festival" descriptive essays.

Students' Activities

• Discuss and describe unique local festivals like Gai Jatra or Biska Jatra.
• Study the definitions of 30 vocabulary terms and complete the digital quizzes.
• Follow along with reading audio and read aloud with interactive highlighting.
• Analyze word stress and repeat pronunciation patterns for target words.
• Practice transforming direct interrogative statements into reported speech.
• Draft a descriptive essay about their preferred local festival on the digital notepad.

Closing automatically in 4s...